Plate 2.4: Ancient Deeds and Seals
Object: Two deeds and three seals, which confirm land charters related to ecclesiastical establishments in Yorkshire. Both deeds with their pendant seals, as well as the seal of Matthew Hutton, came from the collection of Thomas Wilson (c.1702-1761) of Leeds, and were exhibited at a meeting of the Society of Antiquaries of London by Dr Richard Rawlinson (1690-1755). The upper deed was confirmed in 1300, despite the decorative scroll next to it bearing the year 1301. The date of the lower deed is unknown but it is likely to have been confirmed in the mid-fourteenth century.
Transcription:
Title
Antient Deeds & Seals
Upper left
Carta Convenc[i]o[n]is inter Walterum [de Langton] Cov:[entry] & Litch:[field] Episcopum Magistrum Hospitalis sancti Leonardi Ebor[acum], & fratres ejusdem Loci, et Rogerum Abbatem & Conventum de Melsa de Redditu Molendinor[um] in Magna Wharrum: dat. 25 Nov. 1301.
Scil[ice]t dic (sic) Veneris in Festo s[an]c[t]æ Catherinæ Virginis, 29 Ed. 1.
Upper deed
Anno regni regis Edwardi fil[ii] regis Henrici vicesimo nono die ven[er]is in festo s[anc]te Kat[er]ine v[ir]ginis apud Ebor[acum] co[n]venit[ur] int[er] d[omi]n[u]m Walt[eru]m dei gra[tia] Coventr[y] & Lich[field] ep[iscopu]m mag[iste]r[iu]m hospitalis s[anc]ti Leonardi Ebor[acum] & fr[atr]es eiusde[m] loci ex una parte & fr[atre]m Rog[er]iu[m] Abb[at]em de Melsa & eiusdem loci co[n]ventu[m] ex altera – videl[ice]t q[uo]d cu[m] Hugo mag[iste]r & fr[atr]es hospitalis p[re]d[i]c[t]i aliquando dimissisent fratri Mich[ael]i tunc Abbati de Melsa & eiusdem loci conventui duo molendina aquatica cum stagnis & om[n]ib[u]s aliis p[er]tinentiis suis in magna Wharrum simul cum om[n]ib[u]s sicubi suor[um] alior[um] molendinor[um] cu[m] p[er]tinentiis in eadem villa que om[n]ia h[ab]uerunt ex dono Willi[am] Fossard Reddendo inde pred[i]c[t]o hospitali annuatim quatuor marcas argenti – p[ro]ut in scriptis inde int[er] eos tunc confectis, plenius continetur videl:[ice]t pred[ic]tus vero Walterus mag[iste]r pred[i]c[t]i hospitalis & fr[atr]es eiusdem loci remiserunt ex tunc, pred[ic]to Abbati & con[v]entui de Melsa memoratis & unam marcam argenti redditus suprascr[i]pti videli[cet]) q[uo]d sing[u]lis annis a temp[or]e confec[t]io[n]is p[re]sencis d[i]ct[us] Abbas & co[n]ventus de Melsa reddant & p[er]solvant hospitali supras[cri]pto quadraginta solidos sterlingor[um] in festis Pentecostes & S[anc]ti Martini p[er] equales porc[i]o[n]es p[ro] pred[ic]tis molendinis & eor[um] p[er]tinentiis ut est p[er]missu[s]. Et si co[n]tingat q[uo]d p[re]d[ic]tus redditus quadraginta solidor[um] de aliquo t[er]mino aretro fuit, de cet[er]o bene liceat magi[str]o & f[rat]rib[u]s & eor[um] successorib[u]s qui p[ro] temp[or]e fu[eru]nt in pred[ic]tis tenementis & eciam in omnib[u]s tenementis que isdem Abbas & co[n]ventus h[ab]uerunt die confect[i]o[n]is presentis in predicta villa de Magna Wharrum ad quor[um]cumque manus devenerint & distri[n]gere & distri[n]ctio[n]em illam sic capcam quo sibi viderint expedire effugare & eam retinere quousque eisdem magi[str]o & f[rat]rib[u]s de pred[i]c[t]o redditu annuo quadraginta solidor[um] plenarie fuit satisf[ac]t[um] In cui rei fide[m] & memoriam huic scripto bipertito sigilla part[iu]m p[re]dic[t]ar[um] alternarum sunt appensa Dat apud Ebor[acum] die & anno suprad[ic]tis.
upper seal
SIGILLVM ・ ABBATIS : DE : MELSA
Lower right
Carta Confirmac[i]o[n]is Prioris & Conventus de DRAX Joh[ann]i filio Nicholai de Osgoteby de Terris in Osgoteby
Lower deed
Omnib[u]s Xpi Fidelib[u]s hoc sc[ri]ptum visur[is] vel auditur[is] Joh[ann]es Prior de Drax & eiusdem Loci convent[us] sal[ute]m et[er]nam In d[omi]no Novit univ[er]sitas v[est]ra nos co[m]muni assensu totius cap[el]li n[ost]ri dedisse concessisse & hac p[re]senti carta n[ost]ra confirmasse Joh[ann]i filio Nicholai de Osgoteby p[ro] homagio & s[er]vitio suo unu[m] Toftu[m] & unam Bovata[m] t[er]re arrabil[is] int[er]ritorio de Osgoteby cu[m] om[n]ib[u]s p[er]tinenciis suis illud scilic[et] Toftu[m] quod Rob[ertus] Boy aliqu[o] de nob[is] tenuit & illam bovatam t[er]re qu[am] fratres Joh[ann]es & Rob[er]tus de Barneby In eadem villa aliqu[o] de nob[is] tenuerunt. Habend[um] et tenend[um] p[re]d[i]c[tu]m tenem[en]tu[m] p[re]d[i]cti Joh[ann]i & h[e]redib[u]s suis lib[er]e quiete integ[r]e b[e]n[e] In pace In feodo & hereditate cum om[n]ib[u]s p[er]tinentiis suis & ayliamentis in p[ra]tis & pasturis in moris & turberis in viis & semitis In aquis & Wastis & om[n]ib[u]s aliis Locis Infra Villam & ext[ra] ad [t[uu]m] tenementu[m] p[er]tine[n]tib[u]s. Reddendo in[de] annuatim nob[is] & successorib[u]s n[ost]ris unam m[ar]cam arg[e]nti s dimid[ium] m[arce] ad pentecoste & dimid[ium] m[arce] ad festu[m] S[anc]ti Martini in yeme p[ro] om[n]i s[e]c[u]lari s[er]vit[i]o exact[i]one consuetudine & demanda. Nos aute[m] d[ic]ti J. P[ri]or & Convet[us] & successores n[ost]ri p[re]d[ic]to Joh[ann]i & h[e]redib[u]s suis totu[m] pred[ic]t[u]m tenem[en]tu[m] cum om[n]ib[u]s p[er]tine[n]tiis suis p[ro] p[re]d[ic]t[o] s[er]vici[o] p[er] om[n]ia sicut p[re]d[ic]t[u]m est cont[ra] om[nes] g[e]n[te]s Warantizabim[us] adquietabim[us] & defendem[us]. quid[e]m donatores n[ost]ri nob[is] Warantiza[bu]nt quod erit deodante Imp[er]petu[u]m. et ut H[aec] donatio n[ost]ra concessio & & carte p[re]s[e]ntis confirmat[i]o rata & stabilis p[er]sev[er]et prelemi[?] sc[ri]pto sigillu[m] cap[el]li n[ost]ri apposu[i]m[us]. Hijs Testib[u]s D[omi]no Will[elm]o de Atton Rob[er]to de Habtorp Joh[ann]e de Klyfe Ricard[o] fil[io] ei[us] Rob[erto] fil[io] Elde[?] de Osgoteby Walt[er]o fil[io] Hug[onis] de eade[m] Hug[one] fil[io] Pet[ri] de eade[m] et Alys (= Aliis).
Lower seal
Obverse
[SIGIL]LVM ・ CAPITVLI [S]TI NICHOL ・DE DRA[X]
reverse + SIGILLVM ・ PRIORIS : DE D
Seal at lower right
Border [SIGILLV]M ◦ MATTHEI ◦ HVT ARCHI[E]PISCOPI ◦ EBOR 1595
Caption The SEAL of MATTHEW HUTTON Archbp. of YORK. with the Counter Seal appendant to a deed dated the 12 of Jany. 1603, in ye first Year of the reign of King James I.
Lower left caption
These Deeds & Seals from the originals in the possession of R. Rawlinson L.L.D. F.R.S.
Bottom right
Sumptibus Soc. Antiq: Lond. 1751.
Translation:
Title
Ancient Deeds & Seals
Upper left
Charter of Confirmation between Walter [de Langton] Bishop of Coventry and Litchfield Master of the Hospital of Saint Leonard at York, & the brothers of the same place, and Abbot Roger and the house of Melsa concerning the rent from the mills in Great Wharrum: dated 25 November 1301.
To wit the Feast of the veneration of St Catherine the Virgin, 29 Edward I.
Upper deed
At York on the Friday of the feast of St Katherine the Virgin in the twenty-ninth year of the reign of King Edward son of King Henry it is agreed between the lord Walter, by the grace of God Bishop of Coventry & Lichfield and master of the Hospital of St Leonard of York, and the brothers of the same place, on the one part, and brother Roger, Abbot of Meaux [Melsa] and the convent of the same place on the other, that whereas Master Hugh and the brothers of the said hospital once gave up to brother Michael, then Abbot of Meaux, and the convent of the same place two watermills with ponds and all their other appurtenances in Great Wharrum along with all of their other mills wheresoever with their appurtenances in the same vill, all of which they had from the gift of William Fossard, paying to said hospital four silver marks a year, as is more fully contained in the writs thereof made between them at that time: to wit, in fact, the said Walter, master of the said hospital, and the brothers of the same place have remitted from now on to the said Abbot and the aforementioned convent of Meaux one silver mark of the above-written rent.
To wit, that every year from the time of the present agreement the said Abbot and the convent of Meaux should render and pay to the above-written hospital forty shillings sterling in equal portions at the feasts of Pentecost and St Martin for the said mills and their appurtenances, as it is permitted.
And if it should happen that the said rent of forty shillings was at any time in arrears, then it should be furthermore well permitted for the master and brothers and their successors who at such time were in the aforesaid tenements and even in all the tenements which the same abbot and convent held on the day of the present agreement in the aforesaid vill of Great Wharrum to distrain into the possession of whom(so)ever they come and to remove that distrainment, so obtained, however they see fit, and to retain it until the aforesaid rent of forty shillings a year has been fully paid to the same master and brothers. In faithful recognition of this deed the seals of both aforesaid parties are appended to this bipartite writ. Given at York on the day and year above.
Upper seal
Seal of the Abbot of Melsa
Lower right
Charter of Confirmation of the Prior and Convent of Drax to John son of Nicholas of Osgodby regarding Lands in Osgodby
Lower deed
To all the Christian faithful who shall see or hear this writ, John, Prior of Drax and the convent of the same place [send] eternal greeting. All of you know that we have, by common consent of our whole chapter, given, conceded and with this present charter of ours fully confirmed to John son of Nicholas of Osgoteby for his homage and service a toft and an oxgang of arable land in the territory of Osgoteby with all its appurtenances; that is, the toft which Robert Boy once held of us and the oxgang of land which the same John and Robert de Barneby once held of us in the same vill, to have and hold the said tenement to John and his heirs freely, without disturbance, completely, well; in peace, in fee and by inheritance; with all appurtenances and agistments; in meadows and pastures; in marshes and turbaries; in roads and paths; in waters and [Wastis] and all other places within the vill and without pertaining to your tenement, paying from that a yearly revenue of one silver mark to us and our successors, of which half a mark at Pentecost and half a mark at the feast of St Martin in Winter for each secular service, exaction, custom and demand. We, the aforesaid Prior J. [sic] and the convent and our successors shall warrant, acquiesce and defend against all peoples for the aforesaid John and his successors the whole of the aforesaid tenement with all its appurtenances for the aforesaid service in every respect as is aforesaid, indeed our donors shall warrant what will be, God granting, in perpetuity. And so that this gift of ours, allowance, and confirmation of the present charter remain valid and immutable, we have attached the seal of our chapter to the above writ. These being witnesses, lord William of Atton, Robert of Habt[h]orp, John of Cliffe [Klyfe] and Richard his son, Robert son of [Elde] of Osgoteby, Walter son of Hugh of the same, Hugh son of Peter of the same, and others.
Lower seal
Obverse
Seal of the Chapter of St Nicholas of Drax
reverse + Seal of the Prior of D[rax]
Seal at lower right
Border
Seal of Matthew Hutton Archbishop of York 1595
Caption The SEAL of MATTHEW HUTTON Archbp. of YORK. with the Counter Seal appendant to a deed dated the 12 of Jany. 1603, in ye first Year of the reign of King James I.
Lower left caption
These Deeds & Seals from the originals in the possession of R. Rawlinson L.L.D. F.R.S.
Bottom right
Published by the Society of Antiquaries of London. 1751.
Commentary by Dustin Frazier Wood and Richard Gilbert: Plate 2.4 depicts two deeds and three seals related to ecclesiastical establishments in Yorkshire. All were sent from Thomas Wilson of Leeds to Dr Richard Rawlinson to display at a meeting of the Society of Antiquaries London (SAL) in March 1750 (SAL Minutes VI.34). Wilson, an antiquary, schoolmaster, and parish clerk, collected and created transcripts of hundreds of medieval manuscripts relating to Yorkshire during his lifetime (Ramm and Wilde 2018). Wilson's interests made him a natural correspondent of Rawlinson, a major collector of English manuscripts and influential member of the SAL whose episcopal motto as a bishop of the non-juring church was "I collect and preserve." Wilson had been proposed for membership of the Society by Rawlinson in January 1750 and was elected a year later, on 2 February 1751 (SAL Minutes VI.20, 78).
The upper deed is an early fourteenth-century confirmation by Walter Langton (1243-1321), Bishop of Lichfield and Treasurer of England under Edward I, of the rights of the Abbey of Melsa (or Meaux) to rents from several mills on the border of Great Wharram and the (later deserted) village of Wharram Percy, where the Abbey had established a grange and mills in the mid-twelfth century (Wrathmell 2012, 226). The decorative scroll to the left of the deed dates it to 25 November 1301 but this seems to be a computational error on the part of the caption writer; the Feast of St Katherine in the twenty-ninth year of Edward I's reign fell on 25 November 1300.
The lower manuscript confirms a grant to Drax Priory of lands at nearby Osgodby. The John identified in the first line as prior is probably either John de Saxton, elected in 1349, or John de Wiggeton, elected in or before 1354. Although John Burton included details of numerous grants to Drax of lands at Osgodby in his Monasticon Eboracense, published in 1758, and consulted a transcript cartulary of Drax owned by William Constable of Everingham, none of the entries matches that of this deed (Burton 1758, 100-13 & 100 n. c).
The final object depicted - the seal of Matthew Hutton (1529-1606), Archbishop of York from 1595 to 1606 - appears detached from the deed from which it depended. As Laura Whatley has pointed out, seals - and, we might add, the documents to which they were attached - occupied a central place in antiquarian culture. They were perhaps the most common objects that antiquaries interested in the English past worked with (Whatley 2021). If they lack the obvious conjuring power of the Westminster Tournament Roll (Pates 1.21-26) or the Oxford Decree against papal jurisdiction (Plate 1.62), or the rarity of the fragments of the Cotton Genesis (Plates 1.67-68), the deeds and seals of Plate 2.4 nevertheless represent the oldest English manuscripts that had yet been published by the Society and demonstrate its commitment to publishing accurate collections of seals (Plates 1.5, 1.28-33, 1.53-1.54, 1.55, 1.56, 1.58-1.60).
The stated motivation to engrave and print this collection related to the objects' rarity and condition: the Society's minutes note that that the concord between the Bishop of Coventry and the Abbot of Melsa bore 'the word CIROGRAPHVM, & other Letters cut thro' indentwise' and a seal 'well cut and preserved'; the seal attached to the Drax deed appeared 'in good preservation and proper to be Engraved to perpetuate the Stile of the Priory' (SAL Minutes VI.34). The week after their exhibition Rawlinson proposed that “the two fine deeds with their Seals annex'd might be Engraved [...] by Mr. Vertue,” a proposal that was agreed by ballot on 19 April (SAL Minutes VI.38).
Vertue's engraving represents as near as possible a true facsimile of both deeds and their seals. Both float in blank but clearly lit space. Shadow lines to the right of each deed and at their bottom folds, and in the curled slips and irregular forms of the wax seals, provide a sense of three-dimensionality. This shadowing continues on the seals themselves, in the subtle additional density of lines to the right of the figure on the seal of Melsa. Such shadowing can also be seen to the right of the face and arm (those parts of the seal in highest relief) of the figure on the obverse of the Drax seal, and to the right of the chest of the figure on its reverse. Hutton's seal, the largest on the page, also appears to be in facsimile, albeit without its attached manuscript. All three seals are damaged, and their reverses appear naturally, in contrast to earlier Vetusta Monumenta plates where seals appear with clean edges and no hint of uneven sides or reverses. The excellent state of preservation of the figures on the seals, the drape of their clothing, the details of the priors' crosiers, and the delicate scrollwork on Hutton's seal are all the more striking in contrast to the broken edges that fragment their legends.
The script of the two deeds is a convincing facsimile of English cursive documentary forms of cursiva anglicana of the fourteenth century. The slightly later Drax charter bears characteristic decorative dotted and cross-hatched capitals, as well as a flourish on the final 's' at bottom right (see Brown 1993, 94-7). Vertue's facsimile takes pains to recreate the numerous abbreviations and scribal ligatures as accurately as possible. This (presumed) fidelity to the originals enables Plate 2.4 to serve as a proxy for those original documents as objects, as texts and as exemplars of two closely related but distinctive fourteenth-century scripts. The plate is simultaneously an act of preservation and a scholarly resource for antiquaries interested in multiple aspects of the study of English manuscripts.
Plate 2.4 might then be understood as one of several Vetusta Monumenta prints that highlight eighteenth-century antiquarian engagement with historic script. Palaeography was both central to antiquarian culture and a specialised field to which only a few antiquaries dedicated their main energies. Those who did exerted lasting influence: Jean Mabillon, Humfrey Wanley, David Casley and, later, Thomas Astle appear frequently in antiquarian work both printed and manuscript (Frazier Wood 2022). Although Vertue is not normally considered a palaeographer, his facsimile engravings of pre-modern manuscripts in hands ranging from the fourth- or fifth-century Greek Cotton Genesis to the sixteenth-century English Tournament Roll (not to mention his work outside Vetusta Monumenta) make him a key figure in the field. As Casley argued in the 1730s, antiquaries had to study either original manuscripts or high-quality reproductions in order to date them and thus to understand English history (Casley 1734). With their high standards of exactness, Vertue's engravings provided precisely the kind of essential reference material that - according to Casley - every antiquary required.
The provenance of the materials so carefully engraved by Vertue also testifies to the affiliative connections between antiquaries and their manuscripts: both deeds and, presumably, the seal of Matthew Hutton, had made their way into print after passing through the hands of three generations of notable Yorkshire antiquaries. Thomas Wilson probably acquired the Drax deed during the dispersal of Ralph Thoresby's (1658-1725) museum. Thoresby had earlier provided a complete transcript of it to John Stevens for publication in the latter's two-volume continuation of Dugdale's Monasticon Anglicanum (Stevens 1723, 351). John Tanner later cited Thoresby's transcript in the section on Drax in his edition of his brother Thomas Tanner's Notitia Monastica, suggesting that this charter, at least, bore some significance as an important - or at least noteworthy - historical source (Tanner 1744, 655-6). The Meaux deed might also have come to Wilson via Thoresby, although the subtitle of Wilson's manuscript Chartularium Melsense, completed in 1746 and now at Leeds Library, notes that its contents came from the library of Richard Thornton (1659-1710), Recorder of Leeds. Given that Wilson was just eight years old at the time of Thornton's death, the manuscript must have remained in the Thornton family into the 1740s or have passed to Thoresby and then to Wilson. In either case, Wilson continued to associate it with the elder antiquary and collector of Yorkshire manuscripts.
Vertue showed proof prints of Plate 2.4 at a meeting on 29 November 1750 and again on 25 April 1751, when they were finally approved and ordered to be printed (SAL Minutes VI.62, 94). When Vertue delivered the prints, extra copies were given to Rawlinson (as well as to Edward Umfreville and to John Ward, the Society's Director) “for the Care and Trouble he had been at about them.” The nature of this “Care and Trouble” remains unclear but could be linked to the unsubtle engraved note at the bottom left stating that the originals were “in the possession of R. Rawlinson,” directly contradicting the minute book's clear statement that they belonged to Wilson. Whether Rawlinson purchased them, negotiated with Wilson for their extended loan, and/or arranged for their transportation between Leeds and London, remains unclear. So too do the roles played by Rawlinson, Umfreville and Ward in the creation of the print, although Vertue's unusual second display of proofs several months apart might suggest dissatisfaction with his first design and subsequent reworking. Whatever the case, Vertue did not sign the finished print, which contains only the by-then standard publication statement “Sumptibus Soc. Antiq: Lond. 1751.”
If the particular provenance of the deeds and seals and the circumstances of the design and approval for printing of Plate 2.4 remain unclear, its association with Rawlinson - and the prominent display of that association - reflect both Rawlinson's interests and the political circumstances of the SAL at the time of its production. During his lifetime Rawlinson was known as an important collector of English manuscripts and European seals and seal matrices. During the late 1740s and into the 1750s Rawlinson frequently showed both at meetings of the Society, where he had considerable influence and occupied a seat on the Council. At the time, the fate of the unmarried, sixty-year-old Rawlinson's collections "became a matter for public discussion" (Clapinson 2004). The inclusion of Rawlinson's name on Plate 2.4 likely represents a form of encouragement for Rawlinson to leave his collections to the Society, which had obtained its charter earlier the same year and could therefore legally own property. In 1752 Rawlinson made his will, in which he left the Society "all his dyes and matrices of English seals, and for medals, and all his copper-plates, of seals, charters, and other his curiosities . . . his drawings relating to England, 10 walnut-tree book-cases, four mahogony [sic] presses, his collection of English prints, with port folios to keep the same [and] a free-hold estate and copyhold estate at Fulham" (London Magazine 1755, 205). If Plate 2.4 represents the Society's hopes of acquiring a major collection, and perhaps also Rawlinson's intentions, it also serves as a reminder of the frustration of those hopes and of the inseparability of politics and antiquarianism. In the parliamentary election year of 1754, Rawlinson's status as a non-juror and Jacobite led the Society not to re-elect him to his seat on its Council; when the president, Martin Folkes, died later that spring and left a vacancy, Rawlinson was passed over again. Although some members made conciliatory overtures to Rawlinson, he objected to his friend George Ballard that they “mistake me for one Mr. Spaniel, for such they must take a creature to be without resentment.” In a codicil to his will witnessed by four members of the SAL on 25 July 1754 Rawlinson revoked all his bequests (worth in excess of £2000), leaving them instead to the Bodleian Library, and St John's and Hertford Colleges, Oxford (Tashjian 1990, 63-5). Despite the fate of the objects it depicts, however, Plate 2.4 remains a testament to an idea on which Rawlinson and the SAL agreed: the necessity of collecting, preserving and publishing the manuscript remains of English history.
Works Cited:
Brown, Michelle. 1993. A Guide to Western Historical Scripts from Antiquity to 1600. London: British Library.
Burton, John. 1758. Monasticon Eboracense: and the Ecclesiastical History of Yorkshire. York: N. Nickson.
Casley, David. 1734. Catalogue of the Manuscripts of the King's Library: An Appendix to the Catalogue of the Cottonian Library; Together with an Account of Books Burnt or Damaged by a Late Fire. London.
Cherry, John. 2016. Richard Rawlinson and His Seal Matrices: Collecting in the early eighteenth century. Oxford: Ashmolean Museum.
Frazier Wood, Dustin. 2022. "The Face of Antiquity: Script, Manuscript, and Facsimile in Early Eighteenth-Century Antiquarian Culture", Modern Philology 120, No 2. Forthcoming.
The Gentleman's Magazine. 1755. "List of Deaths for the Year 1755" 5, 186-7.
The London Magazine, or Gentleman's Monthly Intelligencer. 1755. "Account of Dr. Richard Rawlinson's Will" 24, 205-6.
Ramm, Antony, and Philip Wilde. 2018. 'The Thomas Wilson Collection'. Leeds: Leeds Libraries.
Society of Antiquaries of London. 1718-. Minutes of the Society's Proceedings.
Stevens, John. 1723. The History of the Antient Abbeys, Monasteries, Hospitals, Cathedral and Collegiate Churches. Being Two Additional Volumes to Sir William Dugdale's Monasticon Anglicanum. London: Joseph Smith.
Tanner, Thomas. 1744. Notitia Monastica: or, An Account of all the Abbies, Priories, and Houses of Friers, heretofore in England and Wales, ed. John Tanner. London: William Bowyer.
Tashjian, Georgian R. and Brian J. Enright. 1990. Richard Rawlinson: A Tercentenary Memorial. Kalamazoo: Western Michigan University.
Vertue, George. 1753. Medals, Coins, Great-Seals, Impressions, from the Elaborate Works of Thomas Simon, Chief Engraver of the Mint to K. Charles the Ist. to the Common-Wealth, the Lord Protector Cromwell and in the Reign of K. Charles ye IId. to MDCLXV. London: J. Nichols.
Wilson, Thomas. 1746. Chartularium Melsense, a a collection of Papal Bulls, Royal and Private Benefactions to the Abbey of Meaux, in the East Riding, Ex Bibliotheca Thorntonianæ. Leeds Library.
Wrathmell, S., ed. 2012. A History of Wharram Percy and its Neighbours. York: University of York.
